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HLA-DR genetic predisposition immune disease examples
HLA-DR:
Hashimoto's disease
Leukemia/ Lupus
Autoimmune adrenalitis/ Anemia (pernicious)
Diabetes insipidous
Rheumatoid arthritis

HLA-B27 associated diseases
PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Reiter's syndrome

Interferon gamma: action on macrophages
"Th1nk BIG Mac Attack": Th1 and NK cells Build Interferon Gamma. Causes Macrophages to have an augmented Attack [by better lysosome function and increasing reactive oxygen metabolites, nitric oxide and defensins].

Complement: function of C3a versus C3b
C3a: Activates Acute [inflammation].
C3b: Bonds Bacteria [to macrophages--easier digestion].
• If wish to know more than just C3: C3a, C4a, C5a activate acute. C3b, C4b bind bacteria.

MHC I vs. MHC II properties
"Immunity helps to exterminate fun for bacteria"
• See attached chart.

Hypersensitivity reactions: Gell and Goombs nomenclature
ACID
• From I to IV:
Anaphylactic type: type I
Cytotoxic type: type II
Immune complex disease: type III
Delayed hypersensitivity (cell mediated): type IV

Goodpasture's Syndrome components
GoodPasture is Glomerulonephritis and Pnuemonitits.
• From autoantibodies attacking Glomerular and Pulmonary basement membranes.

Lupus signs and symptoms
SOAP BRAIN:
Serositis [pleuritis, pericarditis]
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Blood [all are low - anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia]
Renal [protein]
ANA
Immunologic [DS DNA, etc.]
Neurologic [psych, seizures]

Sjogren syndrome: morphology
"Jog through the MAPLES":
• Sjogren is:
Mouth dry
Arthritis
Parotid enlarged
Lymphoma
Eyes dry
Sicca (primary) or Secondary
• See diagram.

Immunoglobulins, and order B cells present them
MADGE (character from the old dishwashing liquid commercial): IgM IgA IgD IgG IgE
• Order of presentation by B cells (which is made first, IgD or IgM?) B cells present IgM primarily, and then IgD. Just remember why all of us are going through this pain...to become M.D's. For a B cell to be competent, it must get its MD. • Finally, by the same rule, B cells must first release M then G immunoglobulin on primary exposure.

Immunoglobulins: which crosses the placenta
IgG crosses the placenta during Gestation.

T and B cells: types
When bacteria enter body,
T-cell says to B: "Help Me Catch Some!"
B-cell replies: "My Pleasure!"
• T-cell types: Helper Memory Cytotoxic Suppressor
• B-cell types: Memory cell Plasma cell

MHC: loci creating class I vs. II
Class 1 has 1 letter: HLA I is HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C. Class 2 has 2 letters: HLA II is HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR.

Graves disease: etiology
In Graves disease, the thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins are of the IgG class.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) types: the important ones worth remembering, in order of appearance
MAGDElaine (a girl's name): IgM IgA IgG IgD IgE
• Magdelaine tells you the order they usually appear: M first, then A or G.
• Alternatively: IgM is Immediate

MHC I vs. II: T cell interaction
The "=8" equation: 2x4=8, and 1x8=8. MHC II goes with CD4. MHC I goes with CD8.

Acute inflammation features
SLIPR:
Swelling
Loss of function
Increased heat
Pain
Redness
• "What a cute pair of slippers" can be used to tie acute inflammation to SLIPR.

Histamine: features
HISTAMINE:
HCL production
Inflammation
Strong vasodilator
Therapeutic value none
Allergy
Mast cells
Neurotransmitter/ Narrow airways
IgE

Complement cascade initiating items: alternative vs. classic
Classic: Combined Complexes.
Alternative: Activators Alone, or IgA.
• Complexes are made of Ab and Ag combined together.
• Examples of activators: endotoxin, microbial surface.

Hypersensitivity: type IV example
Poison IVy causes type IV hypersensitivity.

Dendritic cell: function
DENDRITIC CELL:
Disguised in host tissue (but still have same function!)
ECF ingestion
Nothing left to chance (ensures an immune response)
Derived from bone marrow
Regulates the immune response
Induces an immune response (makes it unique among antigen presenting cells)
Transfers information from the ECF into the cell
Immune tolerance (increases it)
Co-ordinates the adaptive and innate immune systems
Captures and processes antigen
Expresses lymphocyte costimulatory molecules
Long processes extend from cell (stellate shaped)
Lives in lymphoid tissue
Secretes cytokine to initiate immune response

Passive vs. active immunity
"Pay for Passive, Active Ages": Passive:Pay for a shot of antibodies for fast results following exposure to Rabies, etc. Active: Slow onset ("aging") and memory.

Celiac sprue features
CELIAC:
Cell-mediated autoimmune disease
European descent
Lymphocytes in Lamina propria/ Lymphoma risk
Intolerance of gluten (wheat)
Atrophy of villi in small intestine/ Abnormal D-xylose test
Childhood presentation
• Atrophied villi cause less absorption, so diarrhea, weight loss, less energy.